Angular Choice (NACH)
Betweenness weighted by turn angles. High values = streets on paths that minimize turns.
Core space syntax metric.
Metric Betweenness
Standard betweenness using distance in meters. For comparison with angular.
Global Angular Integration
How few turns to reach everywhere. Low variance (15% CV) in grid patterns because all streets have similar global access.
Local Integration (radius=3)★ Recommended
How few turns to reach nearby streets (within 3 steps). Higher variance (5% CV) reveals local accessibility differences that global integration misses.
Correlation: Angular vs Metric = 0.46
Lower = angular reveals different patterns
Legend
Low → High
Background
Why Integration looks uniform?
Al Karama has a regular grid pattern where most streets intersect at 90°. This means every street can reach everywhere with similar number of turns.
Try Local Integration - it shows which streets are well-connected within walking distance, revealing differences that global integration misses.